Michigan history

The Michigan Auto Industry: Detroit, the Assembly Line & the Arsenal of Democracy

In one generation Michigan turned from a lumber-and-mining state into the automobile capital of the world.

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Ford and the assembly line

Henry Ford’s moving assembly line and 1914 five-dollar day at Highland Park made the automobile a mass product and Detroit a magnet for workers. The Model T put the world on wheels and made Michigan the center of American manufacturing.

The Big Three and the union

Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler grew into the “Big Three,” and the great 1936–37 Flint sit-down strike won recognition for the United Auto Workers, reshaping American labor.

The Arsenal of Democracy

In the Second World War the auto plants converted to war production — Willow Run built B-24 bombers by the thousand — and the plants drew a huge Southern Black and Appalachian migration that transformed Michigan’s cities.

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Detroit called the Motor City?

Because Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler built the American automobile industry there in the early 1900s, making Detroit the center of car manufacturing.

What was the Arsenal of Democracy?

The nickname for America’s war-production effort in World War II, centered on Michigan’s converted auto plants — including Willow Run, which mass-produced B-24 bombers.