Minnesota history

Minnesota Railroads: The Lines, the Towns & the People Who Ran Them

For a long lifetime, the railroad was the biggest thing in Minnesota — the industry that built the towns, moved the crops, and employed a small army of workers. If your family lived along a rail line, there is a good chance the railroad is part of their story.

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The lines that built Minnesota

Minnesota’s growth rode the rails. The major lines across the state included James J. Hill’s Great Northern and the Northern Pacific. From St. Paul, the “Empire Builder” James J. Hill drove the Great Northern all the way to the Pacific without a federal land grant.

Railroad towns

Whole towns grew up around the division points, roundhouses, and repair shops — places like St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Duluth. A railroad job — brakeman, fireman, engineer, section hand, shopman — supported thousands of Minnesota families, and the depot was the center of town life.

The boom era

The great building period ran through the 1860s through the 1890s, when track spread across the state and tied farm and factory to national markets. The railroad decided which towns thrived and which withered, and its coming is written all through the census and land records of the era.

Finding your Minnesota ancestors

Trace your Minnesota family line

We work back from you to the ancestor who lived this history — census, vital, church, and cemetery records, written into a book and an interactive family site. Flat rate, no DNA test.

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Frequently asked questions

Which railroads ran through Minnesota?

The main lines across Minnesota included James J. Hill’s Great Northern and the Northern Pacific

How do I find a railroad-worker ancestor in Minnesota?

Look for railroad occupations in the census (brakeman, fireman, engineer, section hand, shopman), then check company and union records and the state historical society’s railroad collections.