The White Families of Henry County, Illinois

Henry White, president of the First National Bank of Cambridge, has been a potent factor in the business interests of this city since 1871, while since 1863 he has made his home in Henry county, having in that year taken up his above in Geneseo. He was born in Salem, Washington county, New York, July 17, 1836, his parents being James and Jane (Hall) White, the former a native of the north of Ireland and the latter of Argyle, New York. James White those farming as a life vocation and met death by falling from an apple tree when about forty-eight years of age. His wife long survived him and died in 187 1 when almost eighty years of age. He had served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812 and was always a loyal and public-spirited citizen. Both he and his wife adhered to the faith of the Presbyterian church. Their family numbered twelve children, nine sons and three daughters, of whom six are now living: William, a resident of Hebron, New York; Jane A., the wife of Eli Hatch, of West Pawlet, Vermont; Alexander, living in Waterloo, Iowa; Robert, whose home is in Sandwich, Illinois; Henry, subject of this sketch; and Daniel G., living in Rock Island, Illinois.

Henry White remained a resident of Salem, New York, until he had attained the age of twenty-one or twenty-two years of age and completed his education in the West Hebron Seminary. After leaving home he learned the patternmaker's trade in Oswego, New York, and followed it for a number of years in the east. From Oswego he removed to Geneseo, Illinois, in 1863, and for eight years continued his residence at that place, coming thence to Cambridge. He had there embarked in business as a member of the firm of White & Tuttle, dealers in hardware, and following his removal to Cambridge in 1871 he conducted a hardware and implement business under the firm name of White & Weir. This partnership continued until 1878, when they sold out to Poppleton & Hadley. In 1881 Mr. White assisted in the organization of the First National Bank and was chosen one of its directors and its first vice president. A year later he was elected cashier, which position he filled for a quarter of a century

HENRY WHITE fury and on the death of Nathaniel B. Gould, in 1907, he succeeded to the presidency and has since continued as the chief executive officer of this institution, which is recognized as one of the strong financial concerns of the county. His business probity and the spirit of enterprise which has actuated him in all that he has done have constituted important forces in the promotion of the growth and development of the bank. In addition to his other interests Mr. White has been secretary and treasurer of the Armory Hall Company, treasurer of the Cambridge Electric Light & Power Company, and for a number of years was the president of the Henry County Mutual Fire Insurance Company.

On the 4th of October, 1871, Mr. White was united in marriage to Miss Harriett E. Sims, who was born in Cazenovia, New York, where her parents, James and Sabra (Blodgett) Sims, lived for some time, going there when that part of the country was infested with the Indians and remaining residents of the locality until called to their final rest. The father lived to the remarkable old age of one hundred and two years, while his wife died when about sixty years of age. Mrs. White is the only survivor of their family, which numbered nine or ten children. By her marriage she became the mother of four children but the first born, Frank J., died in infancy. Kate L., the second, married Clyde B. Taylor, cashier of the Farmers National Bank of Cambridge and mentioned elsewhere in this volume. Harry S., who for several years was paymaster at the Western Tube Works in Kewanee, Illinois, where about five thousand names were on the payroll, is now conducting a grain elevator in Cambridge in partnership with Harry Kellogg. He married Gertrude L. Bradbury. Herbert D., the youngest, is a graduate of the high school and now lives in Cambridge.

Mr. and Mrs. White are members of the Baptist church, in which he is serving as deacon, and the work of the denomination has been greatly forwarded by their cooperation and generous support. Mr. White has long been an active factor in community affairs, serving for several years as president of the village board of trustees, has also been a member of the board of education, was treasurer of the Old Settlers Association and treasurer of the Henry County Agricultural Society for.a number of years.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

HARRY S. WHITE.

Among the young business men of Cambridge Harry S. White is prominent, being of the well known firm of White & Kellogg, grain dealers, who also handle coal, ice and feed. This is his native city, his birth having here occurred September 30, 1878. He is a son of Henry and Hattie (Sims) White, who are mentioned elsewhere in this volume. In his parents' home his youthful days were passed and the public schools afforded him his educational privileges. Advancing through consecutive grades, he was graduated from the high school with the class of 1898, and soon afterward entered upon business life as bookkeeper in the First National Bank, where he continued for a short time. He then went to the First National Bank of Kewanee, Illinois, as teller, and after a brief period accepted a more lucrative and responsible position with the National Tube Company as cashier and paymaster, in which connection there devolved upon him the duty of issuing a pay roll of several thousand dollars per week. He remained with the tube company until the ist of January, 1909, when he returned to Cambridge, and making investment of the capital which he had saved from his earnings in a business in this city, has since been a factor in its commercial life. Forming a partnership with H. C. Kellogg, he purchased the grain elevator of O. M. Etter & Company, and their business now furnishes an excellent market to the farmers of the community. He handles a large amount of grain each year and also does good business in coal, ice and feed. The trade of the firm is rapidly growing and the enterprise of the partners insures them success. On the 17th of October, 1906, Mr. White was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude Bradley, a daughter of Samuel and Alice Bradley, natives of Kewanee. Theirs is a pleasant and attractive home, where the spirit of warm-hearted hospitality abides. Mr. White belongs to the Baptist church, while his wife is a member of the Primitive Methodist church. His political views are in accord with the principles of the republican party, and he keeps well informed on the issues and questions of the day, so that he is able to support his position by intelligent argument. He does not seek nor desire office, however, but prefers to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

ROBERT S. WHITE.

Robert S. White, a retired farmer of Woodhull and one of its representative citizens, who has been prominent politically in Henry county for a number of years, was born February ii, 1832, in Lincolnshire, England, a son of James and Rose (Smith) White. The family came to America in 1851, settling in Lake county, Ohio, with the exception of Robert S. White, who remained in Buffalo, where he had secured employment. At that time the family consisted of Mary, Sarah, Maria, Charlotte, Robert S. and Thomas, but the two sons are the only members now living and both reside in Woodhull. In 1856 all of them came to Woodhull and the father engaged in farming in this locality, achieving considerable success. He was a man of strong character and sterling integrity and commanded respect everywhere. His death occurred in 1880, his widow surviving until 1894, and both are buried in Andover.

Robert S. White obtained but a limited education in England and since coming here he has devoted himself to business affairs, securing a well earned competency. All of his money has been made by farming, he now owning three hundred and sixty-six acres of excellent land, as well as a handsome town residence, where he has lived since 1899, when he retired from agricultural pursuits.

On February 22, 1852, Mr. White married Elizabeth Neal, who came to America on the same vessel as the White family, to join her mother who had preceded her, her father having died some years previously. Twelve children have been bom to Mr. and Mrs. White, namely: Mary E., who married John Atkinson, of Sumner county, Kansas; William G., who lives in Clover township; John R., who resides in Knox county, Illinois; Maria, who married Irich Nelson, of Moline, Illinois; Angeline, who married Isaac C. Snow, of Geneseo; Alice R., who is at home; Ethel I., who married John Logan Stires of Oxford township; Leslie A., who lives in Galesburg; Nellie F., who married John Rogers of LTtah, Cambridge township; and Sarah, James and Frank E., all three deceased.

Mr. White is a republican and has been active in the affairs of his party, during the McKinley campaign of 1896 engaging in considerable work for the national committee that was productive of excellent results. He has been road commissioner for years, school trustee for several terms, and school director for twenty years. All of his children have been well educated and he has been interested in securing good schools for them and for other children of the district. Having been so efficient a public official, the people of his neighborhood have often endeavored to induce Mr. White to run for higher office but in vain as he always declines the honor. Mr. and Mrs. White are consistent members of the Methodist church, of which he is trustee. Some of his children are Methodists and others Presbyterians, and they are all active in church work wherever they are. Mr. White has been closely identified with the agricultural and stock-raising interests of Henry county and no man stands higher in public esteem than he.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

WILLIAM G. WHITE.

Some men are natural leaders both in political and private life and when such power is in the hands of those who are good and reliable the community prosper. Such a man is WilHam G. White, of Clover township, who was born August 21, 1859, in Lynn township, Henry county, a son of Robert S. and Elizabeth (Neal) White, residents of Woodhull, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. He was reared on the home farm, assisting in the general work and attending the country district schools, thus growing to vigorous young manhood. Upon attaining his majority he commenced working for himself on a farm in Osco not far from Cambridge, continuing there for four years prior to his marriage.

On February 11, 1891, Mr. White married Edith M. Shelter, a daughter of John W. and Nancy J. (Knox) Shelter, prominent people of Clover township, where Mr. Shelter owns considerable property, although he and his wife now reside in Woodhull. Mr. and Mrs. White have one son, Harry L., who is a student of the Woodhull high school, class of 191 1. He will be eighteen years old when he graduates and will then be given academic and collegiate courses.

For the nine years following his marriage, Mr. White resided in Ontario, Knox county, Illinois, where he owned a fine farm, but in the fall of 1899 he removed to the White homestead in Clover township, Henry county, where he has since resided. There he carries on general farming and stock raising, making a specialty of thoroughbred horses and hogs, he believing that only high bred stock pays. The White homestead comprises one hundred and sixty-six acres, while his Knox county farm consists of eighty acres.

The political affiliations of Mr. White are with the republican party and he has served it as a member of the county central committee and a number of times as delegate to conventions. While residing in Lynn township he was road commissioner for several years and held the same office for three years in Clover township prior to becoming assessor here and he has continued the ♦ incumbent of that office for six continuous years. For nine years he has been a member of the board of education and has served it as clerk during this time. He and his family are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder for a number of years. For some time he was superintendent of the Sunday school and Mrs. White is one of the teachers in it. She is also a member of the church missionary society and belongs to other organizations of the church. Both Mr. and Mrs. White are very much interested in the Farmers Institute, she serving as secretary of the domestic science department and previously as its president. They believe that the work of the institute is affecting a remarkable change among the farmers and their wives and they are contributing both time and money to it. Mr. White is one of the most progressive citizens of Clover township and has always advocated good roads, bridges, schools and government. A supporter of the church, he believes that it is one of the most important factors in advancing the moral standard of any community and no call is made upon him in vain for furthering its work.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

PROFESSOR FRED U. WHITE.

Fred U. White, who has acted as superintendent of the Galva public schools for the past two decades, was born in Geneseo, Henry county, Illinois, on the loth of June, 1858, his parents being Benjamin and Margaret (Bacon) White, natives of Connecticut and New York, respectively. His paternal grandparents were Samuel and Cynthia (Trowbridge) White, both of whom were of Puritan descent, the former representing one of the earliest families of Massachusetts and the latter tracing her ancestry back to Devonshire, England, in the time of Edward the First. The New England Trowbridges, of whom there have been over thirty-six hundred, descended from Thomas Trowbridge, who settled at Dorchester, Massachusetts, probably in 1634. Samuel White, whose birth occurred in Connecticut, carried on general agricultural pursuits throughout his business career and passed away at Pomfret, Connecticut, when well advanced in years. His wife there died in middle life. Their children were seven in number, as follows: William T.; Susan E., the deceased wife of Remuel Pearson; George, Lewis, Elizabeth J., Benjamin and Sarah F., all of whom have passed away. Subsequent to the death of his first wife Samuel White was again married, his second union being with Miss Phoebe Baker, by whom he had two children, Jared B. and Charles H.

Benjamin White, the father of Mr. White, was born at Pomfret, Connecticut, December 14, 1825. Puritan discipline prevailed in Samuel White's household, giving its tinge of rigid self-accountability to all the children. Benjamin White's schooling was very limited but he was fond of reading and quick in observation with inquiring and thoughtful mind. At the age of twenty-one he left home and apprenticed himself to a mason and builder of Danielson, Connecticut. After serving his apprenticeship, he followed his trade for several years at Waterbury, Connecticut, where he married Margaret Bacon, September 17, 1854. To them were born four sons: Charles, who died in infancy; Frank- Oscar, who became a resident of New Orleans and died October 3, 1909; Fred U., whose name initiated this review and who is a twin brother of Frank O.; and WilHam T., a resident of New Orleans. In April, 1856, the family removed to Geneseo, Illinois, where Benjamin White continued the business of a mason and contractor until the fall of 1889, when he superintended for the board of education, of which he was then a member, the construction of the present high school building. On the 3d of January, 1863, his wife died after a protracted illness, leaving him with three little boys. On the ist of January, 1868, he married Miss Alary Jane Messenger and unto them were born two daughters, Fannie M. and Flora, both of Geneseo. In the spring of 1890 Benjamin White suffered a severe attack of the grippe which put an end to his active work. From that time on his health steadily failed until his death, which occurred on the 24th of May, 1909, when he had attained the venerable age of eighty-four years. Born of New England stock, he was always positive and forceful. The new town to which he came at the age of thirty gave the opportunity for work which he desired. The following partial list of buildings put up by Mr. White speaks for itself:' The Collegiate Institute, built originally for commercial purposes; the old Geneseo House — (1864); the Anderson Building, Main street; the four buildings north of the Farmers National Bank; the Schuck and Hippler buildings; the Blackiston block; the Wright block, except the Wright and Cann buildings; the George Singleman building; the addition to O'Bryan's and Rastede's stores; Freeman's Hall; the Clause and Stamm building; the Berner building; the Hosford building; the Geneseo House — (1877); the Engdahl building; the Taylor building; the Methodist church; Zion church; the Hammond hospital; the Swedish Lutheran church; and the first brick schoolhouse at Cambridge. In addition to his building operations in Geneseo Mr. White did much work in the surrounding country and towns and in Chicago after the fire. He was much interested in educational matters and was an attendant and supporter of the Unitarian church of Geneseo from its establishment.

Mr. Fred U. White was reared in the place of his nativity and obtained his preHminary education in the public schools, being graduated from the Geneseo high school in 1875. During the following three years he was engaged in teaching and subsequently entered the University of Illinois, while later he spent one term in the School of Languages at Burlington, Vermont. Afterward he again took up the profession of teaching as an instructor in the public schools and was thus engaged until 1882, when he took up his above in Galva. Here he taught in the grammar room for two years and then became principal of the high school, continuing in that position for three years. During the following two years he acted as principal of the Cambridge schools and in 1889 entered upon the duties of his present position as superintendent of the schools of Galva. Mr. White also was teacher of history at the Illinois State Normal University during the summer terms of 1907 and 1909. The progress made by the schools has been of a substantial and practical character, bringing results that are manifest in the efficiency of those who leave the schools to enter upon the active work of life.

On the 5th of August, 1891, Mr. White was united in marriage to Miss Eliza R. Curtiss, a native of Galva and a daughter of Flavins J. and Alvena (Minor) Curtiss, both of whom were born in New York. Her paternal grandparents were Amasa Sawyer and Rebecca (Gilson) Curtiss, the former a Baptist minister. When Flavins J. Curtiss was only a year old the family removed to Hastings, New York, where he lived until he was thirteen years of age. He then worked at South Butler for two years at a salary of five dollars per month. He next went to work for J. W. Arnold, of Fulton, New York, a carpenter, with whom he remained for three years during which time he learned the trade. His first important work was building the Presbyterian church in conjunction with a Mr. Sage, at Watertown, New York. He afterward worked for one year at his trade in Ogdensburg, New York, and then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended business college. The following year he became bookkeeper for a milling firm at Birmingham, Ohio. At the age of twenty-five he acted as brakeman and soon afterward as freight conductor from LaPorte, Indiana, to Toledo, Ohio. After two years' experience as clerk in dry-goods and grocery lines Mr. Curtiss went west to Rock Island, Illinois, and engaged as salesman for Hoyt & Avery, of Milan. On January 30, 1854, he married Alvena Eliza Minor and in the following March they removed to Galva, where he has since resided. To them were born eight children: Byron Fay and Cyrus Yale, who died in infancy; Ella Josephine; EHza Rebecca, now Mrs. F. U. White; Frankie Adalade, now Mrs. Lee G. Kratz; Byron Minor; Lora Bell, who married J. W. Wood, now deceased; and Leon Homer, who died July 10, 1900, at the age of twenty-seven years. At Galva Mr. Curtiss engaged in the furniture and undertaking business which he continued until 1882, passing through the ordeal of being burned out, an experience common to many of the early business men of Galva. He was Galva's first village clerk, which office he filled continuously with the exception of one year for the period of sixteen years. His faithfulness and strict integrity may be known from the fact that it was during the Civil war period and the issue of the American Railway bonds, when the office was one of especial responsibility. His wife passed away in 1895 at the age of sixty-four years and nine months. Mr. Curtiss maintains his interest in public affairs, though advanced years now prevent active participation therein. He still resides in Galva and has an extensive circle of warm friends throughout the community in which he has now lived for more than half a century.

In his political views Mr, White is a stanch republican, being convinced that the principles of that party are most conducive to good government. He is now serving as president of the Galva library board and is also the chief executive officer of the Henry County Historical Association.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

JAMES H. WHITE.

James H. White, well known in business circles in Geneseo as bookkeeper of the First National Bank and as a young business man of substantial worth, was born in Arnot, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1873. His parents were James and Janet (Miller) White, natives of Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. The former was a son of James White, Sr., also a native of the land of hills and weather. Coming to America, he spent his last days in Pennsylvania near Scranton, where he died at the venerable age of eighty-eight. He had been a sheep man in his native country but in the new world lived retired. His wife was also eighty-eight years of age at the time of her death. Their family numbered five children. The maternal grandfather of our subject was William Miller, and he, too, was born in Scotland, where he died at the age of thirty-five years, having met death in a runaway accident. He was a milk dealer, using that business to provide a living for his family. His widow still survives and is now nearly one hundred years old. Their family numbered three children, including Janet Miller, who in her early womanhood gave her hand in marriage to Mr. White. He was a small farmer of Scotland and the favorable reports which he heard concerning business opportunities in America attracted him to this country. About 1865 with his family he made the long voyage across the bring deep to the new world, settling near Scranton, Pennsylvania, where he became foreman of a mine. About 1875 he removed westward to Ottawa, Illinois, where he became a large contractor in fire clay. He was not disappointed in the hope that led him to the United States, for here he found and improved the business opportunities which enabled him to acquire a handsome competence as the years passed by. His death resulted from an accident, as he was struck by the cars while crossing the track on the 9th of April, 1906, when sixty-five years of age. His widow still survives him and yet makes her home in Ottawa. She is a member of the Presbyterian church, to which Mr. White also belonged. They were the parents of nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom six are now living: Jessie, the wife of J. L. Johnson, of Ottawa, Illinois; James H., of this review; Mary, the wife of W. H. Seward, residing near Ottawa; WilHam C, a resident of Chicago; Margaret, the wife of J. S. Rhoads, of Winona, Minnesota; Walter H., of Hamilton, Montana; and three who died in childhood.

James H. White was a young lad at the time of the removal of the family to Ottawa, Illinois, where he was reared to the age of seventeen and during that period attended the public schools, passing through consecutive grades until he became a high-school student. On putting aside his text-books he began learning telegraphy in the office of the Western Union at Ottawa, and later was made manager of that office for a time. He then entered the employ of the Chicago, BurHngton & Quincy Railroad Company, being stationed at various places as telegraph operator and agent. Subsequently he entered the main office of the Western Union Telegraph Company in Chicago, where he continued for two years and at the time of the breaking out of the Spanish-American war, he was sent to a special telegraph bureau in Washington, D. C, where he continued for two years and four months. Becoming ill with typhoid fever, he returned to Ottawa to recuperate his health and did railroad telegraphing there. He was then stationed at Geneseo as bookkeeper, agent and operator, acceptably filling the position until November 1, 1902, when he was tendered his present position in the First National Bank, where he has since served as bookkeeper. He is a thorough accountant and his ability and allegiance to the bank make him one of its most worthy representatives. He is also a director of the Central Life Insurance Company of Ottawa. While in the government telegraph service in Washington, D. C, he transmitted the peace protocol to Admiral Dewey, suspending hostilities until such time as they could arrange a permanent peace treaty.

On the 2d of June, 1902, Mr. White was married to Miss Louise Taylor a daughter of Peter H. and Ella (Hume) Taylor. There are two children of that marriage, Janet E. and Margery T., who are the light and life of the household, Mrs., White is a member of the Congregational church and has always been very active in its work. Mr. White holds membership in the Methodist church but attends the Congregational church with his wife. Fraternally he is connected with Stewart Lodge, No. 92, A. F. & A. M., and Geneseo Chapter, No. 12, R. A. M., and in his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit of the craft, being in hearty sympathy with its principles concerning mutual helpfulness and universal brotherhood. Politically he is a republican. His progress in a business way has resulted entirely from his own effort. He has learned to correctly value life's contracts and its experiences, to recognize and improve opportunities, and seeking his success along legitimate lines he has won the regard and esteem of his fellowmen as well as substantial advancement in the business world.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.

EARL F. WHITE.

All the lines of business which are found in an enterprising progressive city are represented in Geneseo, and among the leading merchants of the town is numbered Earl F. White, now proprietor of a bakery and confectionery establishment and ice-cream parlor. He has a well equipped place and the excellent line of goods which he carries and manufactures assures him a liberal and continued patronage.

The tide of emigration has usually set toward the west and a great majority of Henry county's citizens have come from districts farther east. Earl F. White, however, is an exception to this rule for he was born in Fairfield, Clay county, Nebraska, March 10, 1875. His paternal grandfather, Daniel White, was one of the early settlers of LaSalle county, Illinois, where he lived for many years. He acted as justice of the peace there and was connected with commercial interests as a hardware dealer and druggist in Earlville. His death occurred in that town when he was eighty-three years of age. Unto him and his wife, Mrs. Eleanor White, were born three children: George D., Jefferson, and Hamilton.

George D. White was born in Illinois, but seeking the opportunities of a district farther west became a farmer of Clay county, Nebraska, when it was still a pioneer region. Returning to Illinois, however, he became proprietor of a grocery store in Mendota. Afterward he returned to Nebraska, where he died. He wedded Sarah A. Avery, a native of New York and a daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Avery, who were likewise born in the Empire state. The father became one of the pioneer settlers of LaSalle county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming at an early day, hauling his wheat to Chicago with an ox team before the building of the railroads. He was closely associated with the early development of the county and aided in laying broad and deep the foundation upon which has been built the present prosperity and progress of this section. He died in Earlville in 1883 at the age of eighty-one years and his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Avery, also reached an advanced age. As stated, Sarah A. Avery became the wife of George D. White and, still surviving her husband, now lives in Earlville at the age of seventy-three years, her birth having occurred in 1836. She is a consistent member of the Baptist church. The death of Mr. White was caused by illness contracted while serving his country as a soldier in the Civil war. After the outbreak of hostilities between the north and the south he responded to the country's call and joined Company D, Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served three years and seven months as a private. He never faltered in the performance of any military duty but loyally followed the old flag in battle or on the long, hard marches. Unto him and his wife were born two sons and three daughters, but only three are now living: Eleanor, the wife of William Prentice, of Earlville, Illinois; Earl F., of Geneseo; and George, also of Earlville.

The youthful days of Earl F. White were largely passed at Earlville and in attendance at the public school there he mastered the common branches of English learning, continuing his studies until he was graduated from the high school with the class of June, 1893. His first undertaking in the business world was made as a clerk in a general store and he has since been connected with commercial interests. In the spring of 1903 he established a bakery and restaurant business on his own account in Earlville and was building up a good trade when in the fall of that year his business was destroyed by fire. In 1904 he resumed business but in the succeeding fall sold out and removed to Kewanee where he acted as assistant foreman of the bread department of the West Side Bakery. On the 4th of May, 1909, he came to Geneseo and purchased the bakery and confectionery business of John L. Morrow, bringing to its conduct broad experience in this line of trade, as well as a firm determination to win success if it could be secured by honorable methods.

Mr. White belongs to Shabbona Lodge, No. 294, I. O. O. F. and to the Modern Woodmen Camp. In politics he is a stanch republican, believing firmly in the party platform. His social qualities and sterling worth make him a popular young man and he has gained in large measure the esteem and good will of his business colleagues and associates in Geneseo.

As printed in the source¹. Wording is the original; obvious scanning errors have been corrected, and a few may remain.